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International

How standards shape trade and who gets locked out

The Persistent Fragility of Global Supply Chains

Global supply chains are larger and more connected than ever, yet they regularly feel brittle. Disruptions that once would have been localized now ripple across continents. That fragility is not just a series of bad events; it is the product of structural choices, changing risk l...

Economy

Russia: How investors evaluate sanctions exposure and indirect supply-chain risk

How Investors Assess Russia’s Sanctions Exposure

The Russian Federation represents an exceptional scenario for investors, as its sanctions landscape is broad, constantly evolving, and applied by major jurisdictions with extra-territorial authority. In addition to direct exposure to assets and revenue, companies must navigate in...